Mozart and Beethoven A Comparison of Lives and Music Essay

Mozart and Beethoven: A Comparison of Lives and Music In 1747 Leopold Mozart married Maria Anna Pertl. Leopold and Maria Anna would have seven children, two of who would survive. Maria Anna born in 1752 who the family called Nannerl . Then in 1756 Wolfgang Amadeus who was nicknamed Wolfgangerl. Wolfgang Amadeus was not his original birth name it was shortened to this from Joannes Chrisostomos Wolfgangus Gottlieb. It is little wonder even two of the children survived; â€Å"Given Leopolds insistence that they be brought up on a diet of water and gruel, the wonder is that any survived at all.† (Siepmann, Mozart His life and Music) Leopold Mozart was very musical himself and was a skilled violinist, composer and an author. He wrote a well†¦show more content†¦I think we may have a clear picture of Leopold as a parent. I think that some of his documented behavior and statements make it appear as though his extremely talented children were mere commodities. Ludwig Von Beethoven was born in December 1770, in Germany or at least close to that date there seems to be a bit of controversy with the actual date. His father Johann Beethoven was a court musician and singer. He recognized Ludwig’s talent and potential early and thought he may have another Mozart in his son. He thought to capitalize on his son’s talent and made the young child practice relentlessly. â€Å"Beethoven paid heavily for his father’s ambitions. More than one visitor to the house saw the little boy weeping as he practiced. Repeatedly he was locked in the cellar and/or deprived of food† (Siepmann, Beethoven His Life Music)It was also noted that Johann Beethoven drank excessively and not to have been an easy father leaving the children in the care of serving maids. (Robbins - Landon) In 1787 Beethoven was sent to Vienna to study with Mozart but his study was cut short. Beethoven had to return to Germany because his mother was dying of teburculosis. When he arrived he found her very ill and his father succumbing to his alcoholism. At the age of sixteen or seventeen he became the financial supporter of his family,Show MoreRelatedBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Life On All Levels Of The Greatest People That Ever Walked The Earth1228 Words   |  5 Pagesin Bonn Ludwig Van Beethoven was created to be soon form into one of the greatest people that ever walked the earth. As a composer, Ludwig Beethoven can be considered the equivalent of any of today’s stars of popular music. His trend setting compositions made music an integral part of life on all levels of society from the royal courts to the general population. His mass appeal can be attributed to his standard defying compositions that forcibly modernized the 18th century music scene. As with theRead More Johann Sebastian Bach Essay2919 Words   |  12 Pages mark on the musical world. From Mozart, to Beethoven, to Chopin, to Brahms, each famous composer has had an influence on the music we hear today. However, perhaps one of the most influential of all composers is Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach’s effect on music history can never be over-exaggerated. Bach played a crucial role in influencing many later composers, such as Mozart and Beethoven, as well as many modern musicians, redefined polyphonic music and musical form, and createdRead MoreBeethovens Violin Concerto2137 Words   |  9 PagesLudwig van Beethoven is considered one of the greatest and most influential composers in the history of music. His Violin Concerto in D Major has been played by nearly every soloist in the past 150 years and, today, it is one of the major works in violin repertoire. Since its premiere by Franz Clement in the winter of 1806, many aspects of the violin, bow, and performance have undergone changes. This paper discusses the modern day knowledge of Beethoven s Violin Concerto, and how it is influencingRead MoreDo A Work Of Fine Art?1157 Words   |  5 Pages Think of a work of fine art. What came to mind? Was it a painting by Van Gogh, or Andy Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup Cans, a current pop song, or a symphony by Beethoven, a piece of literature authored by Emily Brontà «, or one by the Kardashians? Due to its objectivity, art is all encompassing: It can be anything created, written, per formed, or photographed within which someone finds beauty. Conversely, fine art is exclusive and elite as evidenced by its’ name and the distinction between itself andRead MoreAmadeus : An Enlightening Approach Essay2767 Words   |  12 Pagesall influential superhuman, divinely inspired genius of Mozart .The different actors in the movie represent different aspects such as Salieri is a plodding bureaucratic court composer who struggles to weave pleasing melodies out of his limited musical inspiration .He watches and observes the innate talent as Mozart ,who â€Å"takes dictation from god† and sets his genius into work of popularity. He also feels enraged towards God for endowing Mozart with such unearthly incredible gifts, and so finally resolvesRead MoreThe Importance and Effects of Music Education Essay examples1944 Words   |  8 Pages Music evaluated as a subjects that is many times overlooked. If a school seems to have financial trouble, then music and art p rograms are the first to get cut. Essentially, students do not need them to succeed and they are just hobbies. This is the mindset that many school boards have towards music education. I have had the pleasure of being involved in music from a young age. My schools did not offer music programs, but my parents saw an opportunity in music education so they decided to lookRead More The Similarities Between Classical Music and Ellingtons Jazz2414 Words   |  10 Pagesof the Jazz genre as a unworthy equal to it’s predecessor, European Classical music. This can be seen in various statements about Jazz, such as Boris Gibalin commit, â€Å"The â€Å"Jazz Mania† has taken on the character of a lingering illness and must be cured by means of forceful intervention.†1 This conflict can be traced through out the history of Jazz, as Classical composers have relatively disregarded this new type of music. Before Duke Ellington’s Cotton Club performances, Jazz play on the radio wasRead MoreThe Similarities Between Classical Music and Ellingtons Jazz2455 Words   |  10 Pagesof the Jazz genre as a unworthy equal to its predecessor, European Classical music. This can be seen in various statements about Jazz, such as Boris Gibalin commit, The Jazz Mania has taken on the character of a lingering illness and must be cured by means of forceful intervention.1 This conflict can be traced through out the history of Jazz, as Classical composers have relatively disregarded this new type of music. Before Duke Ellingtons Cotton Club performances, Jazz play on the radio wasRead MoreSummary : On The Problem Of Musical 1936 Words   |  8 Pagesthat when applied to music not of Beethoven, Schenkerian analysis tells us very little. He talks about how analysis the theme, which seems like a pretty straight forward statement, but when you spend years applying roman numeral analysis to every piece of music you come across, it’s a pretty new statement. The best part of this article is when he says that the analysis of new music is inherently â€Å"a betrayal of the work†. Cusick, Suzanne G. On a Lesbian Relation with Music: A Serious Effort NotRead MoreStar Spangled Banner1373 Words   |  6 Pagesgreatest piece of American music. The audiences of America’s national anthem seem, instinctively, eager to express their respect by embracing the notion to remove their hats and stand up. However, not many people ponder over the question of what â€Å"The Star Spangled Banner† truly means. What does it mean? Why does it deserve so much reverence and honor? What exceptional difference allows it to prevail over the masterpieces of prominent composers like Mozart and Beethoven? The answer is fairly simple

The Breeding Methods Of Selective Breeding Essay - 3752 Words

What is selective breeding? Selective breeding is the selecting of organisms with desirable traits and breeding them together so that the desirable traits appear in the offspring’s phenotype. In this breeding technique, humans act as the selecting agent. The purpose of selective breeding in animals is either to produce a pure breed, where a breed consistently produces offspring of the same recognizable traits or to enhance the quality of an animal product. The 2 main methods of selective breeding include: artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer. Originally breeders would have to place the animals in a closed environment and hope they would mate. The modern approach to this involves females being inseminated with sperm attained artificially via collection from a prosthetic vagina (in the instance of bulls), where the sperm is then analysed prior insemination, this process is known as artificial insemination. Embryonic transfer is the other revolutionized technique and involves a female surrogate and donor. While the donor tends to have the higher quality desirable traits wanted for future generations, the surrogate tends to be a cheaper but perhaps more reliable in reproduction. Through the use of sex hormones superovulation is able to occur and in cows up to 20 inseminations a year can take place compared to the naturally occurring annual birthing. While this process does not result in any offspring that are genetically modifiedShow MoreRelatedEssay about Biotechnology: Definition of Genetic Transfer867 Words   |  4 Pagesproduct: the desired gene may be microinjected directly into the cell or it may be inserted into the core of a virus by gene splicing and the virus allowed to infect the cell for replication of the gene in the cells DNA. What is selective breeding- 10. The intentional breeding of organisms with desirable trait in an attempt to produce offspring with similar desirable characteristics or with improved traits. What is cloning- 11Cloning is the process of creating genetically identical copies of biologicalRead MoreOutline of the Concept of Genetic Manipulation760 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscussed are selective breeding in the plants in order to produce desired characteristics. The case study that covers selective breeding in the report is on Red Fleshed Apple. On the other hand, transgenesis in animals is the other type of genetic manipulation being covered which means taking a gene from one species and inserting it into another. The case study organism explaining transgenesis in animals will be transgenic cow. SELECTIVE BREEDING Case study done on Red-Fleshed Apples Selective breedingRead MoreWhy Is Genetic Modification Is The Same Thing As Biotechnology1578 Words   |  7 Pagesclass diet. Which means more meat, grains, and protein in a person’s daily diet. The challenge that society faces today, is eating a more mainstream, middle class diet while also managing the affordability of food production and food purchase. Selective breeding is a way for scientists to select for certain genetics that increase plant health and yields. Whereas, biotechnology allows for an expansion of acreage to be utilized for production of food crops like corn, soybeans, wheat, etc. Its importantRead MoreSelective Breeding of a Laborador Retriever Essay720 Words   |  3 PagesSelective breeding A breed is a particular set of domestic animals or plants having uniform look and behavior, that differentiate it from other animals or plant. While as Domestication is the process whereby a population of living organisms is changed at the genetic level, through generations of selective breeding, to accentuate traits that ultimately benefit humans. The deliberate breeding of animals and other species to get required features by human beings is called selective breeding. It includesRead MoreThe Breeding of the Red-Fleshed Apples1285 Words   |  5 PagesThe breeding of the red-fleshed apples was originally from Kazakhstan and improvements of the apple was breed in order for the breeders to produce a apple that has high in Vitamin and as a healthy diet snack. The scientists have collected the apple’s seeds in order to let those seeds to grow in New Zealand. The red-fleshed apples were usually small back in Kazakhstan and it has a different taste which was a bit bitter and had a lack of quality in the commercial marketing. Also they have improvedRead MoreSelective Breeding And Mammal Cloning984 Words   |  4 Pages(3.7) v1 Selective Breeding and Mammal Cloning ‘Demonstrate understanding of human manipulations of genetic transfer and its biological implications’ 3 Credits Name: NadyaBuksh Year: 13G 2015 Selective breeding is the result of human manipulation of genetic transfer. It uses the same principle as natural selection. However, natural selection is the process of selection by the environment whereas;selective breeding is a form artificial selection by humans. Hence, selective breeding can be definedRead MoreBenefits Of Selective Breeding And Plant Breeding1707 Words   |  7 Pages Selective breeding Selective breeding: the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular traits by choosing which - typically animal or plant males and females - will reproduce and have offspring together. This is the easiest but least effective short term way to select a preferred genotype or phenotype. Humans do this by taking a male and female of a species, each with a desirable trait and breeding them together in the hopes that both desirableRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1291 Words   |  6 Pagesengineering for GMOs. According to an article on nongmoproject.org as much as eighty percent of processed foods in the United States have been genetically modified. With this relatively new controversial, method becoming almost guaranteed in food processing many concerns have risen surrounding its methods and safety despite the benefits. The engineering makes it possible to place more nutrients into food, cause livestock to grow large r, faster, and increase the hardiness and yield of crops. However,Read MoreWhat Is Severe Combined Immunodeficiency?1504 Words   |  7 Pageswill hopefully benefit the future of SCID sufferers. Selective Breeding A manipulation of genetic transfer which can prevent Severe Combined Immunodeficiency from affecting an individual is selective breeding. Biology-online.org, 2014 states that selective breeding is the intentional breeding of organisms with desirable trait in an attempt to produce offspring with similar desirable characteristics or with improved traits. Selective breeding is used to benefit the health and characteristics of anRead MoreOrganic Futures : The Case Of Organic Farming1213 Words   |  5 PagesWith third world countries barely beginning modern day agriculture practices, they are looking for an easy, effective, sustainable, method to produce food for themselves and their families. Adrian Myers the author of Organic Futures: the Case of Organic Farming writes: â€Å"†¦with the recent growth of organic and sustainable agriculture in Third World countries, are extremely hopeful signs. The thought, therefore, of writing about the worst aspects of conventional farming was daunting† (Myers 87). These

Free Euthanasia Minorities, the Poor and A Essay Example For Students

Free Euthanasia Minorities, the Poor and A Essay ssisted Suicide euthanasia argumentative persuasive essaysMinorities, the Poor and Assisted Suicide/Euthanasia Assisted suicide supporters claim it would offer a choice to people who want it. But it would actually victimize minorities and poor people. As disability rights activist Diane Coleman has observed, assisted suicide is primarily promoted by those who are white, well-off, worried and well. Choice is an appealing word, but inequity in health care is a harsh reality. Consider the following: * African-American patients with a broken arm or leg are less likely to be given pain medication in emergency rooms than white patients with similar injuries and complaints of pain, according to a new study published in the Annals of Emergency Medicine. Reuters 12/28/99 * African-Americans with symptoms of heart trouble are only about half as likely to be referred for the best testing and treatment as are their white counterparts. Times-Dispatch 3/31/99; NEJM 2/25/99 * African-American cancer patients in nursing homes are severely undertreated for pain some dont even get aspirin. NY Times 6/17/98; JAMA 6/17/98 * Black and poor Medicare patients are more likely than others to be discharged from hospitals in unstable condition. Contra Costa Times 4/20/94; JAMA 4/20/94 * African-American women receive less breast cancer screening than their counterparts of other races. Annals of Internal Medicine 8/1/98 * Despite equal Medicare coverage, affluent elderly white patients often receive better medical care than African-Americans or poor people of all races. NEJM 9/12/96 * Outpatients with cancer who went to clinics that served minority patients were 3 times more likely to be under-medicated for pain than were patients in other settings. Annals of Internal Medicine 11/1/97 * African-American academics who study bioethical issues have expressed concern that permitting assisted suicide, along with new limits on health care, presents new opportunities to victimize minorities: People know they dont get the health care they need while theyre living. So what makes them think anythings going to be more sensitive when theyre dying. Detroit Free Press 2/26/97 . * African-Americans make up 35% of reported AIDS cases, but nearly one-half of all AIDS deaths. Los Angeles Times 10/10/99 * Psychiatric clinicians spend less time with African-American patients than with patients of other races. San Francisco Chronicle 5/30/96 * African-American women die from treatable illnesses (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, etc. ) at twice the rate of white women and African-American men die at a rate almost three times greater than white men. Sunday Oregonian 6/7/98 * According to a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association, women, African-Americans and Hispanics with AIDS are significantly less likely than other groups to get the latest drugs and the best care. Detroit Free Press 6/24/99 * Although white women have a higher rate of cancer than African-American women (118 per 100,000 compared to 95 per 100,000), the death rate for cancer among African-American women is higher (27 per 100,000 compared to 21.7 for white women). Natl Center for Health Statistics, Detroit News 10/24/97 *African-Americans are 50 % less likely to get heart by-pass surgery and 25% less likely to get pain medication than their counterparts in other races. And 10 different studies in the U.S. have shown that the disparities cannot be explained away by the fact that, as a group, African-American patients tend to be poorer, sicker and have less health insurance than white patients. Transcript of ABC Nightline 2/24/99 If policies or laws permitting assisted suicide are approved, assisted suicide could become the only type of medical treatment to which certain people those who are members of minority groups, those who are poor, or those who have disabilities would have equal access. The last to receive health care would be the first to receive assisted suicide.

Origins Approaches Early Childhood Practice -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Origins Approaches Early Childhood Practice? Answer: Introducation Teaching requires a lot of dedication as it is influenced by the personal experiences of the individual involved. The childhood practices and cultures of a person greatly influences their way of teaching and influencing the development of their students. Childhood learning and development requires guidance from the teachers to give the child a platform to grow and learn. Creativity is an important part of learning which can be developed by getting inspirations from personal experiences and the environment around the children. Reflect personal values to teaching practice Children have different abilities of learning languages and other aspects of early cognitive skills depending on their ages, social exposure and support from their parents and teachers. My childhood experience was quite tough when it came to the learning of languages as compared to that of my age mates. The main reason as to why I was slow on developing my cognitive skills is because I had some health complications as a child and I could therefore not interact well with other children on the playground and other outdoor activities. The first year of school was therefore difficult as my classmates already understood languages while I was still lagging behind. However as I began interacting with people, frequent use of learning materials like story books and paying attention to the teachers, I then began to develop my skills(Podmore, 2006). Today as a teacher, I can use my story and childhood experiences to ensure that I give excellent services to my children in school. I usually deal with each student independently as I understand that they all have different abilities in developing their learning and language skills. Thanks to my early values and experiences, I can help other children develop their cognitive skills and manage to succeed in their studies just like I did. A teachers main function is to attain balance in a classroom and I always find it easy to do that since I look at the strengths and weaknesses of each student and help them get out of their shell and excel(Claiborne, 2015). I find my teaching practice closely related to my early experiences with teacher and I can admit that those are my main inspirations to the teacher I am today. Culture and identity influence to practice While growing up, there are some activities that I considered to be part of my culture as a child and they up to date affect my personality as a teacher. When I was in elementary school, my teachers were very strict in the aspects of classroom behavior and outdoor activities. My teacher used to punish us when we misbehaved in class or went outside to play without permission(Vandell, 2010). I grew up knowing that a teacher should be respected and even to some extent feared because failure to which there were consequences that one would face. I was usually very observant of the instructions that teachers gave in class to ensure that I followed all the rules and avoided punishments. Somehow from all these believes and identities that I posses from my childhood still follow me through my career practice. I always want my class to be organized and well behaved just as I saw back in the day. I believe that a teacher should take control of his or her class and I therefore enforce rules that each students should follow regardless of their age or social status. The first step to learning is organization and adherence to instructions(Nuttall, 2003). Although I am usually easy on the laws, I make sure that every student knows their purpose in class and respect those in authority. Curriculum approaches (include Te Wh?riki) The curriculum for children differs from the other subject schedules and it is called Te Whariki. This kind of program has been endorsed by the ministry of education in Newzealand to help children grow better. As a teacher, I use the Te Whaniki to connect a childs learning procedure with what they experience at home and in the community. Some experiences especially at family level might have a great influence in the learning process of a child(Te One, 2003). I therefore learn more about the background of my children and treat them in accordance to their experiences. I had a perfect relationship with my family members and that positively influenced my ability to learn faster. The same experience is also helping me support the children in class despite of their relationships with the community. Theoretical perspectives As a teacher I have to apply the different perspectives of learning to ensure that all the aspects of a child are all taken into consideration. Cognitivism is a main aspect in learning as it involves the building of the mind and knowledge acquisition skills. A child starts to shoe behavioral changes in the way they conduct their usual activities and a teacher should therefore do a follow up to ensure that the students are changing towards the positive direction. Constructivism theory looks at learning in such a perspective that an individual should take their cultural experiences as stepping stones to development(Korthagen, 2004). I find it easier to reflect back to my life and make certain hard decisions in my profession as a teacher. I can now be able to involve my students in the development process by encouraging them to be proud of their experiences as they teach important lessons. Pedagogies that support your practice As a teacher, an individual should be able to apply different methods if teaching to make their practice better. I personally believe in disparities when it comes to the abilities of learning for different people. I therefore use differentiation and experimental approaches of teaching to promote learning and understanding. I try as much as possible to ensure that the different children in a class get specialized attention so that it can be easy to identify their strengths and use them to promote learning(Jeffrey, 2006). Experiments make learning entertaining and involving for both the students and teachers and hence promote comprehension. Experiences and resources you will offer young children I find it easier as a teacher to use my experiences or those of others and resources like books and videos to teach as it reduces the effort of teaching and also enhance comprehending on the part of the child. Children understand and remember better if they are taught using real life experiences. Leaning is a continuous process that should continue making progress on a day to day basis. The resources provided to children include books with exiting stories which attracts their attention and hence making them read more which in the long run develops their language learning. Continuous reading makes the children become more conversant with a particular language. The Creative world is of importance when an individual is growing up as it promotes their physical abilities to face the later part of their lives with confidence. Since I was not medically allowed to engage in most outdoor activities like running around and getting my hands dirty, I found myself more interested in imaginative activities like the arts. It was a good exposure for my personality because some of those activities place a great role in my life today(Borko, 2004). I was good at dressing up the playing dolls and I would find myself designing some dresses for them to look better than they were bought. I also grew interest in the performing arts whereby I would copy the singers on TV, dress like them and hold spoon as a microphone against a mirror. I was also good at coordinating my friends into conducting our activities and that gave me the team leading spirit. Thanks to all that, my teaching experience is much more natural as there are skills I acquired from an early age. I am able to help students make their art crafts as I have the passion to see something creative and different(McArdle, 2012). I also have built in confidence to stand in front of students and teach them on how to develop their learning abilities. Finally my organizational skills are helpful in such a way that I can ensure for harmony in the class which ensures for effective learning. How children make meaning of their world through visual and performing arts (consider the background and culture of children). The world is full of new things each day which are covered in the context of performing and visual arts. Children involve themselves in imagination activities which change their view about the environment around them as they begin seeing their imaginations around them(In Clark, 2013). If for example kids are involved in drawing and watercolor painting, they can now see the beauty of colors around them and appreciate nature more than ever before. The backgrounds of children determine the things that they are likely to create as part of their creative projects whether in school or at home(Wright, 2015). Those from violent homes might be seen drawing scary or ugly images unlike those who have good experiences as they might draw big smiles or a happy. It is therefore up to the teacher to help the children use creative arts to express their feelings instead of letting issues affecting them to have a negative impact. Maori perspectives The environment is a great inspiration when it comes to gathering of ideas for creativity development. Following the Maori perspectives, the school environment should be a step that helps students develop their ideas for their creative and performance arts(Wright S. S., 2007). It is the greatest thing that a teacher can do by encouraging students to get inspiration from the environment around them. I always take my children outside and ask them to look around then think of something that that inspires them to be creative. I tell them that everything even the most usual activities around the school environment can create an idea of the arts. Pacific Nations perspectives The theory emphasizes on the development of social and emotional status of students during learning. Each students emotional and social backgrounds affects their ability to learn and be creative at the same time. I therefore give my input as a teacher to encourage the children to accept their backgrounds and use them for the benefit of learning(Blaiklock, 2010). The extra experience whether good or bad give a child a platform to rise up and work even harder to overcome their past. I encourage children to use all their life experiences as inspirations to their visual and performance arts as it gives a personalized view of their work. Theoretical perspectives A creative mind should be natured to always grow towards the positive direction and the best way to help children develop their creativity is by differentiation. Every child is different in their way of thinking and exploring activities. It is therefore important as a teacher to watch them closely and encourage each one of them to be creative in their own way(Littlefield-Cook, 2005). I usually meet so many crazy ideas in the art classes and try my best to understand the intention of the child from a different perspective then encourage them to keep on exploring that subject. Experiences and resources you will offer young children Learning of visual and performing arts requires some inspirations and specific resources to help children express their thoughts in a more creative and physical method. It is important to consider that the subjects of creative arts are around us in every day to day activity we conduct(Davies, 2013). As a teacher, I ensure that children can relate their personal activities and experiences in their creative ideas. It is good to encourage kids to draw their ideas from the close world other than a world that does not exist. I also organize so as to help children create more arts by providing them with the required materials like pencil, paper, mirrors, colors and many others. The teachers role (including pedagogies and teaching strategies) in supporting childrens creativity Creativity is an important tool in learning and should always be encouraged in all situations to ensure that they learn to take different approaches to life. It is the teachers role to ensure that children discover their creative world and use it to the benefit of their learning. The best thing a for a teacher is to create an emotional connection in class as it gives the students a chance to think deeper. I therefore try to give the children topics like domestic violence or love as they already experience these feeling and are more likely to think more and be creative. I also create a conducive, safe classroom whereby students can take risks with their creativity and explore different mentalities. In conclusion, learning is a continuous process but the start is the most important as it ensures that the future can also be bright. It is therefore important to ensure that individuals are passionate and experienced enough to become teachers as they play a great role in childhood development and learning of their students(Hattie, 2003). References Blaiklock, K. (2010). e Wh?riki, the New Zealand early childhood curriculum: Is it effective?. . International Journal of Early Years Education, , 18(3), 201-212. Borko, H. (2004). Professional development and teacher learning: Mapping the terrain. . Educational researcher, , 33(8), 3-15. Claiborne, L. B. (2015). Shaking up human development: A reflection from Aotearoa New Zealand on Ericas Burmans contribution. . Feminism Psychology, , 25(3), 381-387. Davies, D. J.-S. (2013). Creative learning environments in educationA systematic literature review. . Thinking Skills and Creativity , 8, 80-91. Hattie, J. (2003). Teachers Make a Difference, What is the research evidence?. In Clark, B. I. (2013). Arts in early childhood education: Kia tipu te wairua toi : fostering the creative spirit. Jeffrey, B. (2006). Creative teaching and learning: towards a common discourse and practice. Cambridge Journal of Education , 36(3), 399-414. Korthagen, F. A. (2004). In search of the essence of a good teacher: Towards a more holistic approach in teacher education. . Teaching and teacher education, , 20(1), 77-97. Littlefield-Cook, J. C. (2005). Child development: Principles and perspectives . (Vol. 55, pp. 23-38). McArdle, F. (2012). The visual arts: Ways of seeing. Children, meaning-making and the art , 30-56. Nuttall, J. G. (2003). Weaving Te Wh?riki: Aotearoa New Zealand's early childhood curriculum document in theory and practice. Wellington: New Zealand Council for Educational Research. Podmore, V. N. (2006). Observation: Origins and approaches to early childhood research and practice. . Wellington: N.Z: NZCER Press. Te One, S. (2003). The context for Te Whariki. Weaving Te Whariki: Aotearoa New Zealand's early childhood curriculum document in themes and practice. 17-49. Vandell, D. L. (2010). Do effects of early child care extend to age 15 years? Results from the NICHD study of early child care and youth development. . Child development , 81(3), 737-756. Wright, S. (2015). Children, meaning-making and the arts. . Pearson Higher Education AU. Wright, S. S. (2007). Young childrens meaning-making through drawing and telling: Analogies to filmic textual features